| Ghaziabad (Uttar Pradesh, NCR) ग़ाज़ियाबाद |
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| — metropolitan city — | |
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Ghaziabad (Uttar Pradesh, NCR)
in Uttar Pradesh and India |
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| Coordinates | |
| Country | India |
| State | Uttar Pradesh |
| District(s) | Ghaziabad District |
| Member of Parliament | Rajnath Singh |
| Population | 3,290,586[1] |
| Time zone | IST (UTC+05:30) |
| Area |
• 250 metres (820 ft) |
Ghaziabad (Hindi: ग़ाज़ियाबाद, Urdu: غازی آباد, pronounced [ɣaːziːaːbaːd̪] ( listen)) is a planned industrial city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is 19 km east of Delhi and 46 km southwest of Meerut. The city houses the headquarters of the Ghaziabad district. It was initially part of the Meerut district after independence, till the time when — due to political intervention — Ghaziabad was separated and given a new district status.
The city gets its name from the founder Ghazi-ud-din, who called it Ghaziuddinnagar after himself. Later the name was shortened to Ghaziabad. It is a large industrial city well-connected by roads and railways. It has industries that Maintenance of electric locomotive & EMU Trains, manufacture railway Wagons, bicycles, tapestries, glassware, pottery, paint and varnish, heavy chains, etc. Also it has an ordnance factory at Muradnagar & Bharat Electronics Limited for manufacturing defense products.
Once notorious for the staggering rate of crime and law and order problems (it had been ranked third on the world's most crime infested cities sometime in the early 80's), the city today stands as one of India's most developed cities.
The city has well planned roads, malls and flyovers and has been listed in top 10 dynamic city list by Newsweek.
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From the historical, cultural, theological and archeological point of view Ghaziabad is a prosperous city. This has been proved from the research and excavations done in the district. The excavation carried out at the mound of Kaseri situated on the banks of river Hindon, 2 km north from Mohan Nagar shows that civilization was developed here in 2500 BC.[2]
Garhmukteshwar which provides salvation to the people and the Pooth village situated on the banks of river Ganges are associated with the Mahabharat period. Nearby is the Ahar region which was supposed to be the capital of Pandavas and Janamejay's Nag Yagya site. The Loni fort is associated with Lavanasura of the Ramayana period. As per the Gazetteer the fort was named after Lavanasura (from Lavana it changed to Loni).
On the eastern border of the district is situated the village "Kot" which is associated with the famous emperor Samundra Gupta, who performed the Ashvamedha Yagya here after destroying the fort and "Kot Kuljam" (princes of the Kot dynasty), which was an incident of great historical importance at that time.[2]
During the reign of Sultan Muhammad-bin -Tuglak in 1313, this entire region had become a huge battle field.[3] Sultan Nasiruddin, who was famous for his simplicity and honesty, spent his childhood in the Loni fort here. The attack of Taimur came on this fort and the human massacre by him are well known references of history. The importance of Loni increased during the Mughal period as the Mughal King used to come here for hunting and pleasure trips. A Baage Ranap is a memorial of that period.
This land has given birth to many freedom fighters who played a leading role in the 1942 Quit India Movement and also fought under the guidance of the father of the nation Mahatama Gandhi. This district has also provided its sons, who have sacrificed their life on different frontiers for the defence of the country.
The modern city of Ghaziabad was founded in 1740 by the Wazir Ghazi-un-ddin, the Minister of Mughal Emperor Ahmadshah and Alamgir II. Original Hindu towns were razed and a new city was built. He named it after himself and called it Ghaziuddinnagar. He built a spacious sarai consisting of 120 rooms of masonry with pointed arches. As per records the city was constructed within the boundary of four giant doors and a huge inn (Sarai) of 120 rooms was built in the Mughal architectural pattern. These four doors were named Dasna Gate, Sihani Gate, Delhi Gate and Ghanta-Ghar respectively. Only the gate, a few portions of the boundary wall and a massive pillar about fourteen feet in height remains now, the precincts now being inhabited. Later on Shahi gate was renamed as Bazar Gate and after Independence it was renamed as Jawahar Gate. The other three gates carry the old name as it is. Prior to the construction of the Sarai in 1740, the banks of the river hindon served as a picnic spot for the Mughal emperors at who would spend hours at the lush green surroundings. A harem was also located near the banks of, which was used for concubines and multiple Mughal wives. The Jat Hindu Raja, Surajmal, was killed near the city by the Rohillas in 1763. His army was slaughtered and majority of them were forced to convert to Islam. His Samadhi still stands in the city but is in disrepair.
The city was the scene of fierce fighting during the Indian Rebellion, 1857–58, revolt that began with Indian soldiers in the Bengal army of the British East India Company but developed into a widespread uprising against British rule in India.
In 1864 Train (Rail) was introduced to the city. First train to Ghaziabad ran from Aligarh, on the Calcutta- Delhi line. There was a problem in printing railway ticket " Gajeeudin Nagar" due to the long name. To reduce the name, it was changed to Ghaziabad. After the opening the railway line the name of the place was shortened to Ghaziabad.[4] Later, with the opening of the Lucknow-Moradabad- Ghaziabad line of the then Oudh and Rohillkhand railway, it became an important railway junction. Further with the opening of the Ghaziabad- Saharanpur-Amritsar- Lahore line of the then Punjab Railway linking Delhi to Lahore,towards the close of the 19th century, it assumed even greater significance as a railway junction.
With the coming of the Railway, the first English settlements began in Ghaziabad, in the areas surrounding the Railway Station. Though never high in numbers there remained a small group of Englishmen in Ghaziabad until independence. Traces of Raj era architecture in the city can be found only in the Station and its adjoining areas. Ghaziabad also happens to house one of the few American Missions to have come to India during the Raj. The Ingraham House on the Hapur Road was constructed in the 1920s by an American Missionary and is one of the largest institutions of the Methodist Church in India.
Post independence, Ghaziabad gradually grew as an important industrial centre, its proximity to Delhi, always helping in this cause. The major industries to be established during that period include the Mohan Meakin Industrial estate (Mohan Nagar) and the International Tobacco Company (Guldhar). The Modinagar Industrial town built by the industrialist Gujarmal Modi, although was constructed much earlier in 1933. The years up to the formation of the district in 1976 saw steady growth of the town in terms of population and also in economic activity. During the partition, it saw a large influx of Hindu refugees from west Punjab and Sindh, who set up their homes in here.
Before 14 November 1976 Ghaziabad was the Tehsil of District Meerut. The then Chief Minister N.D. Tiwari declared Ghaziabad as a district on 14 November 1976, on the birth anniversary of Jawahar Lal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India. From then Ghaziabad has moved forward leaps and bounds on the social, economic, agriculture and individual front.
Ghaziabad, the headquarter of the district of the same name, lies on the Grand Trunk road about a mile east of the Hindon river in Lat. 280 40' North and Long. 770 25' East, 19 km east of Delhi and 46 km south-west of Meerut with which it is connected by a metalled road. Other roads lead northwest to Loni and Baghpat and east to Hapur and Garhmukteshwar. Buses run at frequent intervals from here to Delhi, Meerut, Aligarh, Bulandshahar, Moradabad, Lucknow and to other districts also. It is an important station on the Northern Railway where railway lines, from Delhi to Calcutta, Moradabad and Saharanpur meet, connecting it with many important cities of India. Raja Vishwakarma.
As its boundary is adjacent to Delhi, it acts as the main entrance of Uttar Pradesh and that is why it is also called the Gateway of U.P.
Ghaziabad is situated about 2.5 km from the Hindon river. On the north it is bound by the district of Meerut, on the south by that of Bulandshahar and Gautambudh Nagar, on the south-west by Delhi and on the east by the district Jyotibaphule Nagar. As its boundary is adjacent to Delhi, it acts as the main entrance to Uttar Pradesh and hence is also called the Gateway of Uttar Pradesh.
Ganges, Yamuna and Hindon are the main rivers flowing through the district and they are filled with water throughout the year. Other than these, there are some small rain-fed rivers, prominent among them is the Kali river. Apart from these rivers the Ganges Canal flows through the district and irrigation work is carried out through different branches of the canal. The Ganges canal also caters to the drinking water needs of the people of Ghaziabad as well as Delhi.
The total area of the district (according to Census 1991) was 2590.0 km2 but after the formation of the new district Gautam budh Nagar, it becomes 1933.3 km2. As of 2011 census, this district had a population of 4,661,452(3rd in UP) (male 2,481,803 and female 2,179,649).It contribute 2.33% of total population of UP.It has highest density(No. 1) of population in UP with 4060 persons per square km.It is second in population growth rate with 40.66%. The average literacy rate in 2011 was 85% which is highest in UP. [5]
The communities inhabiting the old city area (Ghanta Ghar, Chopla Mandir and nearby areas) have largely been that of Muslims, Jains and Vaishya from the pre-independence era. There were English settlements in areas surrounding the railway station (south of the G.T. Road and the Purani Tehsil, to its north). In the Post-Independence period, with the huge influx of displaced people from Pakistan (mostly people from Punjab), the city's population saw a rapid increase. Next, with the setting up of a good number of industrial units throughout the 1960s and 1970s, the population saw another boom. Apart from the native population, Ghaziabad, now had people from almost all of India, coming here to take up jobs with the industries being set up here. Also, small communities of Bengalis and South Indians set up base here. Similarly, there were other communities from different parts of the country coming here, most of them Blue-Collar and White-Collar professionals working with the industries in the area.
The local communities, including the, Yadavs, Jats, Gujjars, Tyagis, Rajputs, Pal (Gad-Arya) etc., continued to assume significant positions in cultural, political and economic spheres of the city life. Ghaziabad city has always had a significant Muslim population as well. The rural area also has had significant Muslim Population.
According to the census of 1991 the population of the district is 22,47,434. The density of the population per km2. is 1,127 and the population is 464.7 % higher than what it was ninety years ago.
Ghaziabad is a growing industrial city. Its population having increased from 5,81,886 (in 1901) to 27,03,933 (in 1991) mainly on account of its rapid industrialization and its proximity to Delhi. A large number of persons reside here but carry on their trades in Delhi or are employed there.
In the last twenty years Ghaziabad has expanded more than any other city. Before the formation of Ghaziabad district on 14 November 1976 it was a town of tehsil status of district Meerut but after it became a district it developed very fast and its population too increased in that proportion.
According to the 1991 census, total population of Ghaziabad district was 22,47,434, out of which 4,83,630 people are of scheduled caste and 149 are of scheduled tribe. There were 15,30,081 males and 12,05,397 females. Off all 9,40,469 people lived in villages and 18,55,009 people lived in the urban areas.
According to the 1991 census there were 9,80,938 literate people in the district out of which 6,62,402 were males and 3,18,536 females. Glancing at the urban population and comparing it with the previous census of the district, it is clear that the rural population has decreased considerably. It seems rapid establishment of new industrial institutions were the main reason for it. Increase in the urban population of Ghaziabad can be attributed to the influx of people to the city for earning their bread and butter and secondly as the residential problem of the Delhi metropolis is increasing, a large number of people are leaving it to settle in the nearby areas.
In the last decade, the city has grown to be one of the most cosmopolitan cities of Uttar Pradesh, thanks to the real estate boom.
As it is connected to National capital Delhi, its temperature and rainfall are similar to Delhi. Rajasthan's dust storms and snowfall in the Himalayas, Kumaon and Garhwal hills name their impact in the weather regularly. The monsoon arrives in the district during the end of the June or the first week of July and normally it rains till October.
As in other districts of northern India mainly three seasons- summer, winter and rainy prevail here but sometimes due to severe snowfall in the Himalayas and Kumaon Hills adverse weather can also seen.
There is one municipal corporation (Ghaziabad), five municipal councils (Muradnagar, Modinagar, Hapur, Garhmukteshwar and Pilkhuwa) and six town panchayats (town area Loni, Niwari, Patla, Dasna, Babugarh and Faridnagar) in the district. Ghaziabad was given the status of municipal corporation on 31 August 1994. There are 580 villages in the district out of which 535 villages are inhabited and 45 are non-inhabited.
Thanks to its rapid growth as an Industrial and Commercial centre, Ghaziabad today, has a booming cosmopolitan culture, comparable to that of any other metro. Cultural life in the city is intertwined with the Capital's vibrant cultural life, being its closest neighbour. Ghaziabad has shed the "wild western hinterland" tag and has come a far way since, as the Law and Order situation has improved considerably over the last few years. Art, Theatre, Dance and Music, all form a part of the city's everyday cultural life. Dance programmes, Music concerts, Plays and Art Exhibitions are regularly staged/held by renowned groups and artists within or in the near vicinity of the city. There are some Art Galleries within the city of Ghaziabad itself, while the compounds of the numerous malls in the city host other cultural events.
As for the Festivals, all the festivals of India are celebrated with equal zest and fervor, owing to the large populations of each community staying in the city. Especially the Trans-Hindon areas, display a great cultural milieu of different cultures of India.
Ghaziabad is primarily an industrial city with manufacturers Railway Wagon at Modern Industry Sahibabad , Electric Locomotive & EMU Car Maintenance Shed of INDAIN RAILWAY, diesel engines, electroplating, bicycles, picture tubes, tapestries, glassware, pottery, vegetable oil, paint and varnish, heavy chains, automobile pistons and rings, steel pharmaceuticals, liquor, etc. It is one of the most industrialized cities in Uttar Pradesh. The new industry sector upcoming in Ghaziabad is of high tech plant growth boosters. Many companies like Bharat Electronics Limited, Central Electronics Limited, Shriram Pistons, Unichem, Dabur, International Tobacco, Bhushan Steels, Rathi Alloys, Crophealth Products Pvt. Ltd., Allied Nippon Ltd and Samtel Color are giving it a new dimension ............
The district of Ghaziabad, a growing industrial city, has an important place in industrial development in Uttar Pradesh. Industries are divided into three categories depending upon production, employment and turnover.
The number of small-scale industries functioning in the district are 14,160 and have a capital investment of Rs. 270.00 crores, employing about 73,130 workers. They undertake manufacturing of a variety of commodities, goods etc.
The number of medium/heavy industries functioning in the district are 145 and have a capital investment of Rs. 2,930.86 crores, giving employment to about 31,200 workers.
There are a number of private hospitals and healthcare centres in Ghaziabad that provide healthcare services to the residents in nearby villages and towns such as Pilkhuwa, Hapur, and Dasna. There are a number of malls dotting the city. Pacific and Shipra malls are amongst the largest in the National Capital Region. Ghaziabad is one of the largest railway junctions, handling more than 100 long distance trains every day, in addition to the numerous suburban trains to Delhi. It houses one of the largest and most modern Electric Locomotive Sheds.
Ghaziabad is the city that gives highest revenue in the state of Uttar Pradesh and second maximum in India. The city has 32 malls, second in India only to Bangalore.
There is sangam (Municipal Corporation) in Ghaziabad. It was given the status of a municipal corporation on 31 August 1994 which was later on converted to Nagar Nigam in 2000. On 14 November 1976 Ghaziabad was declared as a district by the then Chief Minister N. D. Tiwari. Jal Nigam is the prime authority which deals with water supply and sewerage works in Ghaziabad.
Ghaziabad was listed 6th most dynamic city in the world in 2005 by an American magazine.
Due to its strategic location it has been under tight security in recent times. Rajnath Singh former Chief Minister and senior leader of BJP is the Member of Parliament is from the city.
Ghaziabad can be reached by air, road and rail. The nearest airport is the Indira Gandhi International airport which is about 45 km away. By road, Ghaziabad is well-connected on all sides to Delhi, NOIDA, Hapur, Modinagar, Meerut, Saharanpur, Haridwar, etc. A large number of people commute to Delhi, Noida, Greater Noida and Gurgaon every day for work.
There are bus terminals at Mohan Nagar, Lohia Nagar,Loni, Vasundhara and close to Meerut Road from where Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (UPSRTC) buses serve cities all over the state. The Anand Vihar bus terminal of DTC is located on city's border.
Ghaziabad is a railway junction and several lines pass through the city. The main railway station is situated in the middle of the city. The city is well connected to Delhi and other neighbouring cities through Fast Moving Local Trains called EMU. Several trains connect Ghaziabad to Meerut, Aligarh, Delhi, New Delhi, Faridabad, Palwal, Mathura, Indore, Ujjain, Loni and others.
The Metro extends to Dilshad Garden station which is situated at the Apsara Border on the outskirts of the city. At present it serves the areas of Shalimar Garden and other neighbouring colonies. This Line will be further extended to New Bus Stand Ghaziabad by 2012.
Dwarka Sector-9 (Blue Line) till Anand Vihar and has been extended to Ghaziabad. There are two stations in Ghaziabad, namely Kaushambi and Vaishali, which have been opened to public on 14 July 2011.[6]
There are a number of private and government Engineering, PG Degree, Law colleges and Management institutes in Ghaziabad. There are about 80-100 Medical, Dental, Pharmacy colleges, and Physiotherapy institutes which makes Ghaziabad one of the most education friendly city in India. The most prominent being IMT Ghaziabad, which consistently ranks among the Top 10 B-Schools in India There are large no of Engineering Colleges & Medical Colleges. From the various part of country, students come here for Higher Education.
Ghaziabad is a part of the satellite area of Delhi therefore most of the newspapers, TV channels and radio channels are the same as for Delhi. Television channels are available through the cable TV network, City Cable being the largest operator.
"Film City" Noida is just a few miles from the city.
Hint serves as the prime local newspaper. The Hint group also runs Hint Radio 90.4 serving as the local community radio station.
http://epaper.hindustantimes.com/PUBLICATIONS/HT/HD/2011/09/21/ArticleHtmls/Opening-up-new-vistas-21092011605004.shtml?Mode=1 ^ Indian Census ^ a b http://ghaziabad.nic.in/indexintro1.htm ^ http://www.mapsofindia.com/ghaziabad/history.html ^ http://www.upw.bsnl.co.in/ghaziabad/gzb.html ^ http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/up/Census2011UttarPradeshPaper1.pdf ^ http://www.indianexpress.com/news/ghaziabad-boards-metro-for-first-trafficfree-ride-to-work/817698/
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